In the run up to the Bukit Gantang parliamentary by-election, the issues of derhaka and Nizar being a ‘puppet’ to the DAP were used by UMNO in its efforts to win the Malay votes.
UMNO and Barisan realized that Pakatan had solid support from the non-Malays of Bukit Gantang. Their best efforts at winning over the non-Malays did not seem to work, even after the usual vernecular school allocations, the ‘pemimpin bersama rakyat’ dinners, even the PR exercise of releasing 13 ISA detainees and the ‘1Malaysia’ slogan.
So they gunned for the Malay votes. Bukit Gantang is a Malay majority area, with Malays making up more than 60% of the electorate. Whilst the constituency has a sizeable minority as well, any gains the opposition alliance might have amongst the non-Malays would be offset should there be a huge swing in the Malay votes.
And why not? Bukit Gantang has a Barisan stronghold ever since Merdeka. Prior to 2008, Barisan won those seats with huge majorities. It was only during the political tsunami of 2008 that PAS wrested the seat from Barisan, with a majority somewhere in the region of 1,500 votes.
BN’s loss of Bukit Gantang in 2008 was attributed to discontent amongst UMNO members that a ‘parachute’ candidate was picked, and not a local boy. By picking Mr. Ismail Safian, a Bukit Gantang boy through and through, the logic was that Malay votes lost in 2008 would return to Barisan.
But fielding a local would not be enough. To win the Malay voters, Barisan had to be aggressive. Sure, it was boosted by the recently concluded UMNO Assembly, which supposedly elected a strong leadership for the party. The image of Messrs. Mahathir, Abdullah and Najib hand must have resonated inside some of the older Malays in Bukit Gantang. A return to the ‘good old days’, where Malays were united under a strong UMNO.
But Barisan needed more. So it launched attacks after attacks upon the PAS candidate, Pakatan Rakyat Menteri Besar Nizar Jamaludin. The issues played were supposed to strike deep into the Malay psyche.
After all, ever since Sejarah Melayu narrated the covenant between Demang Lebar Daun and his king Seri Teri Buana that the former’s descendants would remain loyal to the latter’s descendents, disobedience or derhaka to a Malay ruler is considered as a big taboo. By UMNO’s calculations, which Malay would not take offence when derhaka is committed?
Other issues being played by UMNO to the Malay audience was the fact that Mr. Nizar’s Pakatan government had awarded land titles to some Chinese families in new villages in the state. UMNO also calculated that this beri tanah issue would also alienate the Malays. Related to this, UMNO alleged that Mr. Nizar was in fact being used a boneka to the Chinese dominated DAP.
Night by night, day by day, UMNO hammered these issues into the Malays. Speakers come and go to campaign, but they all had one message: Mr. Nizar has betrayed the Malays and his Sultan for power. Mr. Ezam was brought in. Mr. Osman Jailu, who hopped and caused the downfall of the Perak Pakatan government made appearances. Even former prime minister chipped his two cents worth, making a u-turn on his views on the Perak takeover.
Apart from that, UMNO had the help of the mainstream media, specifically Utusan Malaysia and TV3. These two media dedicated inches of space and airtime to do two things: belittle Pakatan and sing praises of Barisan. A few days prior to voting day, UMNO brought a religious angle to its campaign. DAP’s Mr. Nga Kor Ming’s well-meaning but ill-advised attempt at quoting verses from the holy Quran was used to further alienate Mr. Nizar from the Bukit Gantang Malays. Heck, even some BN-friendly muftis helped Barisan’s cause.
It was typical UMNO. It used the tried and true method of garnering support, which had worked all this time up to 2008. Fear and division. It tried to sow the seeds of anxiety within the Malays so much so that Malays feel threatened by the so-called demands of the non-Malays. The DAP is portrayed as the Chinese chauvinist party and by co-operating with the DAP, PAS had compromised its principles for the promise of power. The ‘enemy’ was the Chinese DAP. By working with the ‘enemy’, PAS and the Malay elements in PKR are betraying the Malays.
It’s a simple message and it has proven to be effective before. And leading up to polling day, it appeared to work. Reports coming from ground zero said that whilst Mr. Nizar is well ahead with the non-Malays, he is trailing amongst the Malays. Even PAS’ Mr. Mustaffa Ali admitted as much. There was real concerns within Pakatan that Mr. Nizar would lose Bukit Gantang due to the loss of Malay votes.
Yet as well know, Mr. Nizar triumphed in the end, against all odds. Early reports show that whilst PAS had lost some Malay votes compared to 2008, it had substantially increased its support amongst non-Malays and specifically Chinese voters. It garnered 43% of the Malay votes, down from the 47% last year. For the record, Chinese support increased from 64% last year to 75% in the by-election.
The drop of about 4% in Malay support was not enough for UMNO to win the seat. It also shows that for all of UMNO’s best efforts, the racial and religious cards played by UMNO failed to sway the Malay votes in any substantial manner. The 4% drop may also be explained if we take the analysis that UMNO members voted PAS last year because they were unhappy with the candidate at the time. With Mr. Ismail Safian, those UMNO members would theoretically return to voting Barisan.
At the end of the day, Barisan’s old strategy of ‘divide and conquer’ did not work in Bukit Gantang. PAS level of support amongst the Malays, although less than Barisan’s, did not falter much, even after Barisan incessant attacks. This should auger well for the new politics being experimented in Pakatan, where differing ideologies come together to achieve a common goal. As for Barisan, it should realize that the old way of doing things is no longer working. Fear and division will only work as far as the rakyat wants to be divided and kept at bay by fear. Should the people want to put aside their differences, racial politics will no longer have purchase. When Barisan had seperate functions for different races, Pakatan had ceramahs filled with multi-racial crowds. When Barisan talks were mono-ethnic, Pakatan talks were multi-ethnic. And by choosing Mr. Nizar over Mr. Ismail, PAS over UMNO, Pakatan over Barisan, the majority of Bukit Gantang voters have shown which approach they prefer.
The multi-racial message brought by Pakatan and epitomized by Mr. Nizar has won the day in Bukit Gantang.